Chapter 3

Aggregate Queries

Analyze and summarize your data with powerful aggregate functions. Count items, calculate averages, find extremes, and group results for insightful analytics.

Topics

Examples

Intermediate

Level

Data Analysis with SPARQL

Aggregate functions transform multiple rows of data into summary statistics. Instead of listing every programming language, you can count them, find the oldest, calculate average ages, or group them by paradigm.

Combined with GROUP BY and HAVING, aggregates turn SPARQL into a powerful tool for data analysis and insight generation.

Aggregate Functions

COUNT

Count the number of matching results or distinct values.

Beginner

SUM

Calculate the total of numeric values across results.

Intermediate

AVG

Compute the average of numeric values.

Intermediate

MIN

Find the smallest value in a set of results.

Beginner

MAX

Find the largest value in a set of results.

Beginner

SAMPLE

Select an arbitrary value from a group.

Intermediate

GROUP BY

Group results by one or more variables for aggregation.

Intermediate

HAVING

Filter groups based on aggregate conditions.

Intermediate

GROUP_CONCAT

Combine multiple values into a single concatenated string.

Intermediate

Quick Examples

Counting Results

Count Programming Languages

Run ↗

SELECT (COUNT(?lang) AS ?total)
WHERE {
  ?lang wdt:P31 wd:Q9143 .
}

Aggregate Function: COUNT

Grouping and Counting

Languages by Paradigm

Run ↗

SELECT ?paradigmLabel (COUNT(?lang) AS ?count)
WHERE {
  ?lang wdt:P31 wd:Q9143 ;
        wdt:P3966 ?paradigm .
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en" .
  }
}
GROUP BY ?paradigmLabel
ORDER BY DESC(?count)
LIMIT 10

Aggregate Features: COUNT, GROUP BY, ORDER BY

Filtering Groups

Popular Paradigms (5+ Languages)

Run ↗

SELECT ?paradigmLabel (COUNT(?lang) AS ?count)
WHERE {
  ?lang wdt:P31 wd:Q9143 ;
        wdt:P3966 ?paradigm .
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en" .
  }
}
GROUP BY ?paradigmLabel
HAVING (?count > 5)
ORDER BY DESC(?count)

Aggregate Features: COUNT, GROUP BY, HAVING

Aggregate Functions Reference

Function	Description	Example
`COUNT(?var)`	Count number of values	`COUNT(?item)`
`COUNT(DISTINCT ?var)`	Count unique values	`COUNT(DISTINCT ?type)`
`SUM(?var)`	Sum of numeric values	`SUM(?population)`
`AVG(?var)`	Average of numeric values	`AVG(?age)`
`MIN(?var)`	Minimum value	`MIN(?date)`
`MAX(?var)`	Maximum value	`MAX(?date)`
`SAMPLE(?var)`	Arbitrary value from group	`SAMPLE(?image)`
`GROUP_CONCAT(?var; separator=",")`	Concatenate values	`GROUP_CONCAT(?name; separator=", ")`

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Review string, date, and math functions.

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Advanced Queries →

Explore ASK, CONSTRUCT, and DESCRIBE forms.

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